Drug profile
Hydroxychloroquine
4-aminoquinoline that accumulates in lysosomes, modulating autophagy, antigen presentation, and cytokine signaling.
Why this drug?
Originally an antimalarial, hydroxychloroquine was repurposed for autoimmune disease based on immunomodulatory effects. COVID-19 repurposing attempts yielded insufficient evidence after large RCTs.
Known risks
- Retinopathy with long-term use (requires screening)
- QT prolongation
- Hypoglycemia
- GI upset
Evidence behind this
Large RCTs (RECOVERY, SOLIDARITY) showed no mortality benefit; not recommended.
Mechanism
Proposed antiviral and immunomodulatory effects via lysosomal pH and autophagy.
Authoritative sources
AI-generated summary
Despite early enthusiasm, hydroxychloroquine lacks efficacy for COVID-19. RECOVERY and SOLIDARITY trials demonstrated no benefit; WHO recommends against use. Important negative repurposing example.
- WHO Solidarity Consortium, NEJM 2021
This summary is AI-assisted and human-reviewed. It does not constitute medical advice. Always consult authoritative sources and qualified professionals.